The Urban Land Institute’s latest Real Estate Economic Forecast shows that while real estate economists are tempering their views on economic growth in the U.S., they continue to forecast positive gross domestic product (GDP) growth, slower but solid job growth and steady real estate markets and returns through 2021.
The ULI report’s conclusions are based on an August 2019 survey of 41 economists and analysts at 32 leading real estate organizations. The sentiment of the group remained generally upbeat despite the inverted yield curve for U.S. Treasury bonds (often a harbinger of a recession), an escalation of the U.S.-China trade dispute, and slowing economic growth in Europe, particularly in the United Kingdom and Germany.
Despite these headwinds, the U.S. set a new longevity record for economic expansion in July 2019, exceeding 10 years for the first time since records have been kept, noted ULI leading member William Maher, director of Americas Strategy and Research at LaSalle Investment Management. “Forecasts through 2021 continue to be positive, indicating the current expansion will continue to set records. Consequently, real estate fundamentals should stay healthy, with returns to the asset class changing little over the forecast period,” he said.
Maher discussed the survey results today during a ULI member-only webinar that also featured observations from Rebecca Rockey, global head of forecasting at Cushman & Wakefield; and Stuart Hoffman, senior vice president and chief economist for the PNC Financial Services Group. ULI Global Governing Trustee Mark Wilsmann, managing director and head of real estate equity strategies at MetLife Investment Management, moderated the webinar panel.
Predictions from the semi-annual survey, which covers the forecast period of 2019 through 2021, include the following:
- US GDP will grow by 2.3 percent in 2019, down from 2.9 percent in 2018, but unchanged from the previous forecast, released on May 1. GDP growth is projected to moderate to 1.7 percent in 2020 and then rise slightly to 1.9 percent in 2021.
- Net job growth should average 1.7 million per year through 2021, compared to a long-term average of 1.1 million. The expected job growth of 2.2 million in 2019, 1.4 million in 2020, and 1.5 million in 2021 is up from the prior forecast. However, many economists are predicting slower job growth as the number of skilled or qualified workers dwindles. The national unemployment rate is forecast to remain at its current level of 3.7 percent in 2019, the lowest rate of the past fifty years, but edge up to 4.1 percent by 2021.
- Expected yields on the 10-Year US Treasury note declined from predictions of six months ago (and even more dramatically compared to one year ago) for all forecast years. The year-end yields are forecasted to be 1.8 percent, 2.0 percent, and 2.3 percent in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. This is compared to year-end projections of 2.8 percent for 2019, and 2.9 percent for 2020 and 2021 made this past April; and projections of 3.3 percent for 2019 and 3.5 percent for 2020 made in October 2018. The decline in the expected yields for the 10-Year US Treasury note “is a remarkable shift and should be positive for real estate values,” Maher noted.
- Real estate transaction volumes will moderate over the forecast period after a strong 2018. The final 2018 volume of $579 billion was the second-highest level since the global financial crisis and cannot be sustained, according to the forecast. Economists predict transaction volumes of $475 billion in 2019, $450 billion in 2020 and $415 billion in 2021, all down from prior forecasts. Expectations for annual CMBS issuance fell slightly, to $75 billion in 2019, $65 billion in 2020, and $75 billion in 2021, just below the long-term average of $80 billion.
- Commercial real estate price growth as measured by the Moody’s/RCA Commercial Property Price Index (CPPI) is projected to moderate over the next three years to 5.1 percent, 4.0 percent, and 3.9 percent in 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. CPPI forecasts are up for all years compared to forecasts of six months ago, possibly due to lower interest rates.
- Rent growth expectations for the next three years rose or were flat for all property types, except for industrial and hotels, where rent forecasts fell. Despite this change, industrial rent growth will lead all property types with growth expected to average 3 percent over 2019-2021, followed by apartments, at 2.5 percent; office space, 2.1 percent; hotels, 1.4 percent RevPAR growth; and neighborhood and community center retail, 1.3 percent.
- Over the next three years, national vacancy or availability rates are forecast to rise modestly for all property types, though generally less than indicated by the prior forecast. The apartment vacancy rate will increase to 4.7 percent by the end of 2021. Industrial availability will be 7.4 percent by the end of 2021, well below the long-term average of 10.2 percent. The office vacancy rate is expected to increase over the next three years, ending 2021 at 12.8 percent; and retail availability will finish 2021 at 9.5 percent.
- The forecast for real estate returns as measured by the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries (NCRIEF) Property Index are higher than the prior update, likely due to continued economic growth with lower interest rates. Total returns are forecast at 6.0 percent, 5.2 percent and 5.5 percent for 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. Industrial will continue to lead all property types, with an average total return of 8.7 percent through 2021; and returns for other property types will average 5.5 percent for apartments and office, and 2.8 percent for retail through 2021.
- Real estate economists have upgraded equity real estate investment trust (REIT) returns, following a very strong start to 2019. The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT) total return composite is forecast to average 9.8 percent from 2019-21, up from a forecasted average of 5.7 percent six months ago. U.S. REITs are up by 28 percent year-to-date as of September 2019, so the full-year forecast of 15 percent for 2019 may be conservative.
- The single-family housing construction outlook weakened over the past six months, as higher construction costs may be slowing demand. Unit starts are forecast to fall from 877,000 in 2018 to 850,000 in 2019, 810,000 in 2020, and 800,000 in 2021. Expected construction in all years is below the long-term annual average of 975,000 homes and would mark the first decline in deliveries since the global financial crisis. Home price growth is forecast to average 3.2 percent over the next three years.
“In summary, the main takeaway from the forecast is that contributing economists see no end to the current record-setting economic and real estate expansion that started in 2010,” Maher said. “Economic growth, including GDP and job growth, is forecast to moderate from the strong levels of 2018, which should keep long-term interest rates low. With the likely exception of retail, which continues to be weighed down by restructuring, real estate fundamentals and returns should stay steady through 2021.”
ULI’s Fall 2019 Real Estate Economic Forecast is the latest in a series of forecasts based on surveys of economists and industry analysts that are conducted on a semi-annual basis by the institute’s Center for Capital Markets and Real Estate. Results from the next survey are planned for release in April 2020.
